Blog
Engineering insights
Practical notes on reverse osmosis, membrane performance and industrial water treatment, written from plant experience.
Membrane fouling in RO: types, signs and how to tell them apart
How to recognise biofouling, scaling, colloidal and organic fouling in reverse osmosis membranes from the data you already collect, and what to do about each.
RO data normalization explained: what it is and why it matters
Why raw reverse osmosis data misleads, how normalization (ASTM D4516) corrects permeate flow and salt passage for temperature, pressure and salinity, and how to use it.
Is your RO clean working? How to measure CIP recovery
How to judge whether a reverse osmosis clean-in-place actually worked: what to measure before and after, how to calculate recovery, and what poor results tell you.
Produced water: discharge or reinjection? How the treatment differs
Produced water treatment depends on where the water goes. How discharge and reinjection specifications differ, and what each means for treatment design.